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Mapping each pre-existing condition’s association to short-term and long-term COVID-19 complications

Jul 27 2021

Understanding the relationships between pre-existing conditions and complications of COVID-19 infection is critical to identifying which patients will develop severe disease. Here, we leverage 1.1 million clinical notes from 1,903 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and deep neural network models to characterize associations between 21 pre-existing conditions and the development of 20 complications (e.g. respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and hematologic) of COVID-19 infection throughout the course of infection (i.e. 0-30 days, 31-60 days, and 61-90 days). Pleural effusion was the most frequent complication of early COVID-19 infection (23% of 383 complications) followed by cardiac arrhythmia (12% of 383 complications). Notably, hypertension was the most significant risk factor associated with 10 different complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac arrhythmia and anemia. Furthermore, novel associations between cancer (risk ratio: 3, p=0.02) or immunosuppression (risk ratio: 4.3, p=0.04) with early-onset heart failure have also been identified. Onset of new complications after 30 days is rare and most commonly involves pleural effusion (31-60 days: 24% of 45 patients, 61-90 days: 25% of 36 patients). Overall, the associations between pre-COVID conditions and COVID-associated complications presented here may form the basis for the development of risk assessment scores to guide clinical care pathways.

Authors:

AJ Venkatakrishnan, Colin Pawlowski, David Zemmour, Travis Hughes, Akash Anand, Gabriela Berner, Nikhil Kayal, Arjun Puranik, Ian Conrad, Sairam Bade, Rakesh Barve, Purushottam Sinha, J, John C. O’Horo, Andrew D. Badley, Venky Soundararajan

nference, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA nference Labs, Bengaluru, KA 560047, India Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Mayo Clinic

nference

Correspondence to:

Venky Soundararajan (venky@nference.net)

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