Publications
Rising Use of Unapproved BPC-157 ("Wolverine Peptide") and Associated Patient-Reported Outcomes Curated from Clinical Notes
Clinical-note surveillance confirmed BPC-157 use in 1,039 patients and found a 33-fold rise in newly documented quarterly users from 2020 to 2026; among patients with a known consumer source, compounding pharmacies and gray-market peptide vendors predominated. Outcome documentation was incomplete and confounded, so this retrospective preprint cannot establish safety or efficacy.
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Oral semaglutide
Weight-loss response
September 20, 2026
Oral GLP-1 Super-Responders are Characterized by Greater Pretreatment Weight Gain, Faster Early Dose Escalation, and Larger On-Treatment Blood Pressure Reductions
Greater early weight loss tracked prior weight gain, faster dose escalation, and larger blood-pressure reductions.
BPC-157 Gray-market therapeutics Clinical-note surveillance
September 7, 2026
Rising Use of Unapproved BPC-157 ("Wolverine Peptide") and Associated Patient-Reported Outcomes Curated from Clinical Notes
Clinical-note surveillance confirmed BPC-157 use in 1,039 patients and found a 33-fold rise in newly documented quarterly users from 2020 to 2026; among patients with a known consumer source, compounding pharmacies and gray-market peptide vendors predominated. Outcome documentation was incomplete and confounded, so this retrospective preprint cannot establish safety or efficacy.
Incretin therapies
Kidney biomarkers
September 3, 2026
Real-World EHR Signals from a Cohort of Blinded Incretin Trial Participants Motivate Novel Indication Opportunities
The study explored organ-specific biomarker patterns across metabolic therapies.
Neurology
Neuropsychiatry
September 1, 2026
Higher semaglutide dose is associated with lower neuropsychiatric event incidence independent of weight loss
Across a large observational cohort, higher attained dose was associated with lower later incidence of several neuropsychiatric diagnoses, while dementia rates did not differ significantly.
Sustained low doses
August 31, 2026
Comparison of Cardiometabolic Benefits and Tolerability in Patients on Sustained Low Doses of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide
The study examined sustained prescribing at initiation doses in routine care.
Weight regain
GLP-1
August 21, 2026
Weight Regain During Continued Incretin Therapy Is Associated With an Inflammatory Signature at Weight Nadir and Higher Cardiovascular Event Rates
Among 58,618 semaglutide or tirzepatide initiators who lost at least 5% of body weight, 14.3% regained at least five percentage points by one year. Regain sometimes occurred despite continued treatment documentation and coincided with inflammatory signals and higher cardiovascular event rates, but medication use and causality could not be confirmed.
Metabolic disease
Pre-approval drug surveillance
August 18, 2026
Accelerating Use of Unapproved Retatrutide Is Associated with Weaker Weight Loss and Increased Cardiovascular Symptoms
Clinical-note surveillance found rapidly growing use of products purported to contain retatrutide outside clinical trials. Compounded users lost 7.2% at six to twelve months versus 15.5% in trial participants, while early cardiovascular findings remain preliminary.
Neurology
Alzheimer’s prevention research
August 3, 2026
GLP-1–based incretin therapy is associated with lower incident Alzheimer’s disease and cardiorenal events in adults with documented neuropsychiatric, cognitive, or sensory risk
In adults aged 50 or older with documented Alzheimer’s risk factors, a matched target-trial emulation found lower recorded Alzheimer’s incidence after GLP-1–based incretin initiation than after non-GLP-1 antidiabetic treatment. The observational design cannot establish prevention or causality.
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